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1. After reviewing the Sources of Knowledge slide 4, discussed (superstition and intuition, authority, tenacity, rationalism, empiricism, and science). What you have understood about these sources of knowledge? Are you able to provide an example of each? For example; breaking a mirror leads to 7 years of bad luck. The source of knowledge in this case is superstition. Please use your own words.

 

 

 

2. Many psychology students believe that they do not need to know about research methods because they plan to pursue careers in clinical/ counseling psychology. What argument can you provide against this view?

 

 

 

3. A prediction regarding the outcome of a study is a (an) ­­­­­­________ and an organized system of assumptions and principles that attempts to explain certain phenomena and how they are related is a(an) __________.
4. theory; hypothesis
5. hypothesis; theory
6. independent variable; dependent variable
7. dependent variable; independent variable
8. Ray was interested in the mating behavior of squirrels so he went into the field to observe them. Ray is using the method of research.
9. case study
10. laboratory observational
11. naturalistic observational
12. correlational

 

5. A bird bander captured seven ovenbirds in her mist net and found that the average length (from the tip of the bill to the end of the tail) was 5.86 inches. This evaluated group is a:

 

1. Sample
2. Population

 

6. A city planner studying pension costs determined that the average of the 42 city library employees was 54.2 years. This evaluated group is a:

 

1. Sample
2. Population

 

7. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that for the year 2003, 181,646 women and 1,826 men were diagnosed with breast cancer in the U.S. Is this statement based on sample data or population data?

 

1. Sample data
2. Population data

 

8. Imagine that you want to study cell phone use by drivers. You decide to conduct an observational study of drivers by making observations at three locations—a busy intersection, an entrance/exit to a shopping mall parking lot, and a residential intersection. You are interested in the number of people who use cell phones while driving. How would you recommend conducting this study? How would you recommend collecting the data? What concerns do you need to take into consideration?

 

 

 

9. A political campaign worker wishes to conduct a poll to determine how her candidate is likely to fare in the upcoming state Senate election. What is the population from which she should choose her sample?

 

1. All citizens in her candidate’s district
2. All citizens in her candidate’s district who are 18 or older
3. All citizens in her candidate’s district who voted in the previous election
4. All citizens in her candidate’s district who are likely to vote in the election

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10. A researcher wishes to determine the average number of text messages per month sent by high school students who have cell phones. Which sample most represents the population of interest?

 

1. Ask a random sample of 100 students how many text messages they send.
2. Ask a random sample of 100 students with cell phones how many text messages they send.
3. Interview 100 students in the mall who are seen talking on their cell phones.
4. Randomly select the cell phone records of 100 high school students.

 

11. A quality improvement technician samples every 500th bag of potato chips coming off the assembly line to test the chips for fat content. Identify the type of sampling.

 

1. Systematic
2. Cluster
3. Convenience
4. Stratified

 

12. The following data represent a distribution of speeds (in miles per hour) at which individuals were traveling on a highway. 64 80 64 70 76 79 67 72 65 73 68 65 67 65 70 62 67 68 65 64 Organize these data into a frequency distribution with frequency (f) and relative frequency (rf) columns.

 

 

 

13. Which type of figure should be used to represent the data in question 12 —a bar graph, histogram, or frequency polygon? Why? Draw the appropriate figure for these data.

 

 

 

 

14. Based on the Statistics short seminar PowerPoint presentation slide 26 and 27, if the Psychology exam score was 86 and its corresponding z was 0.760, what is the probability of an exam score to be higher than 86? What is the probability of an exam score being lower than 86? What was the exam score percentile rank?

 

 

 

 

15. Imagine we are playing die for fun.

 

1. What is the probability of getting the number 5?
2. What is the probability of getting the number 2, followed by the number 5?
3. What is the probability of getting the number 2 or the number 5?
4. What is the probability of getting a 2, followed by 5, and followed by a 3?

 

16. Strong correlation coefficient is to weak correlation coefficient as is to:

 

1. -1.00; +:1.00
2. -1.00; -.10
3. +1.00; -1.00
4. +.10; -1.00

 

17. Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the variables with the weakest degree of relationship?

 

1. +.89
2. -1.00
3. +.10
4. -.47

 

18. How Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) can be utilized in research?

 

 

19. Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the highest (best) reliability score?

 

1. +.10
2. –.95
3. +.83
4. .00

 

20. Which of the following represents the best operational (in terms of a variable that can be measured) definition of depression for reliability and validity purposes?

 

1. Depression is defined as that low feeling you get sometimes.
2. Depression is defined as what happens when a relationship ends.
3. Depression is defined as your score on a 50- item depression inventory.
4. Depression is defined as the number of boxes of tissues that you cry your way through.

 

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