Errors In Reasoning

M2 Assignment 2 SubmissionAssignment  Due June 27 at 11:59 PM

Assignment 2: Errors in Reasoning

In this assignment, you will select one of the topics listed below. Using what you know about the topic, describe at least four claims that might commonly be made that display some of the errors in reasoning covered in this module’s readings. You may have to do a bit of research to find popular positions on these topics.

For example, if the claim is: Children should not be allowed to play violent video games.

Then four common claims about the subject might be:

1. Children have always played violent games and they turned out okay.
2. Dr. Dre says that violent video games are okay.
3. Everybody knows that violent video games don’t cause problems.
4. Many countries banned violent video games and they have higher crime rates than we do.

And the errors they represent might be:

1. Children have always played violent games and they turned out okay (appeal to tradition and false analogy).
2. Dr. Dre says that violent video games are okay (argument by mistaken authority).
3. Everybody knows that violent video games don’t cause problems (appeal to common belief).
4. Many countries banned violent video games and they have higher crime rates than we do (post hoc ergo propter hoc).

Because

1. Any sentence that talks about how we have always done something as a way to justify doing it is an appeal to tradition.
2. The claim looks like it comes from an authority, but Dr. Dre is a musician, not a doctor.
3. Any claim that says that everyone knows something as a way to justify doing it is an appeal to common belief.
4. Showing that two things happened (that video games are accepted and crime is up) does not prove that the two things are related or that the first caused the second; this is called post hoc ergo propter hoc, which means after this, so because of this.

Select one of these topics. Using what you know about the topic and additional research you conduct, describe at least four claims that might commonly be made that display some of the errors in reasoning covered in this module’s readings.

1. Should people under 18 be subjected to legal curfews or restricted driving privileges?
2. Should libraries be required to install filtering software or otherwise censor the materials that they provide?
3. Should insurance companies be required to pay for breast reconstruction, birth control pills, or Viagra?
4. Should the use of camera phones be banned in gymnasiums or other locations?

Write your 600-word response in the Microsoft Word document format.

Assignment 2 Grading Criteria Maximum Points

Provided at least four commonly made claims about your selected topic (four common claims).40

Named the errors found in each common claim (the errors represented).30

Explained what factors show that the error is present (definitions).20

Applied current APA standards for editorial style, expression of ideas, and format of text, citations, and references. Professionally presented the response by using good grammar, spelling, and punctuation.10                 Total:100 pts

Module 2 Overview (2 of 3)

Needs Assessment

There are three levels of needs assessment or analysis. They are organizational, job, and individual.

Organizational Analysis—- In organizational analysis, organizational effectiveness is examined, and areas of improvement are determined.

Job Analysis—– A job analysis can provide information about employee knowledge, skills, and attitudes that are necessary for optimal performance in each type of job.

Individual Analysis—- An individual analysis indicates how well an employee is performing, which employees need training, and what kind of training is needed.

Examine the elements required to maximize the outcomes of a performance management system.

Evaluate the theory, research, and practice related to employee training and career development programs.

The first phase in the training design process is the training needs assessment (or analysis). The needs assessment is used to assess organization training needs by highlighting knowledge and skill gaps. There are many ways to conduct the needs assessment, which depends on the organizational situation and circumstances.

The assessment begins with a need, which can be identified in a number of ways, but is basically defined as the gap between the current and desired states. Gaps may occur between what an organization expects to happen versus what is actually happening, for example, existing and desired skills and competencies or existing and desired performance.

The needs assessment can be useful in identifying competencies and performance of work teams, performance and problem-solving issues, and critical strategies for responding to future changes in the organization or job responsibilities.

Module 2 Overview (3 of 3)

The results of a needs assessment help training professionals to establish training objectives. However, sometimes training is not the solution to issues that can be resolved through more effective communications, job fit, and a more supportive work environment.

Once needs assessment has been completed and training objectives clearly identified, the design phase of the training process commences. This phase involves identifying an appropriate trainer or resource, program content, training methods, training location or setting, and training materials.

After the design phase is completed, it is time for the implementation phase which includes scheduling sessions, participants, trainers, and facilities; preparing materials; and conducting the training. The final phase of the training and development process is evaluation, which indicates whether the objectives were achieved, the participants’ reactions to the training, and the level of learning that occurred.

In this module, you will explore the phases in the training design process.

From the textbook, Employee training & development, 7th, read the following chapters:

Needs assessment

Learning and transfer of training

Program design

https://digitalbookshelf.argosy.edu/#/books/1260050858/cfi/6/32!/4/2/24/10/80/2@0:34.5

Chapter Three

Needs Assessment

Objectives

After reading this chapter, you should be able to

Discuss the role of organization analysis, person analysis, and task analysis in needs assessment.

Identify different methods used in needs assessment and identify the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Discuss the concerns of upper- and mid-level managers and trainers in needs assessment.

Explain how personal characteristics, input, output, consequences, and feedback influence performance and learning.

Create conditions to ensure that employees are receptive to training.

Discuss the steps involved in conducting a task analysis.

Analyze task analysis data to determine the tasks for which people need to be trained.

Explain competency models and the process used to develop them.

Needs Assessment at B&W Pantex and MasTec

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