BSC 2011L Lab Report Guidelines General Guidelines The lab report must be in APA format: – typed double spaced 12 pt font, Times New Roman 1 inch margins pages numbered on the top right, running header on the top left titled sections untitled hypothesis Quotes are NOT allowed. Everything must be properly paraphrased. No website references as sources. No exceptions. Everything must be properly cited. It is considered plagiarism if it is not. Paper must be in third person, past tense o Note: Never write statements like the following: “My lab report is about…â€, “My hypothesis is…â€, or any version of this type of statement. For more information on how to cite in APA, you may visit https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/a… The lab report will be composed of seven sections. Each section will have a heading immediately followed by the text, figures or graphs. The order of the sections is: cover/title page, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion and literature cited. Cover Page You must include a cover page with your name, panther ID, BSC2011L, your section, TA name, date, and title of your paper. Create a title that briefly conveys to the reader the purpose of the paper. The title of your report must be informative. Many readers scan journal article titles and the decision whether or not to pursue an article is based on the information in the title. Generally, this information includes primary factor(s) manipulated or studied, outcome of manipulation (the response or effects) and organism studied, if relevant. Abstract The abstract should be a quick but comprehensive summary of the entire report. It serves to help readers determine how relevant the report is to their own interests. This section should only be one paragraph and should include what was done, the reasoning behind it, the results and the conclusions. It must highlight only the most important elements of each major sections of the report (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion). Only the most important aspects of the report should make it to the abstract. This section should be between 200 and 250 words in length and should contain a clear summary of what was demonstrated, how each part of the lab was carried out and how conclusions were reached. It should also be on its own page. Introduction This section contains the basic background information for the lab report. Be sure to comment on what is the significance of this study and its relation to the larger field. Give an example of why the study is significant. After reading the introduction, the reader should have a good idea of the general purpose of the experiment and the importance of the problem being addressed. Here, you will also introduce the purpose of your experiment. You should also be including your hypothesis and predictions in this section – which should be based in the introduction (without saying “My predictions are…” or “My hypothesis is…”). This section should be about 2 pages long and smoothly flow from one topic to the next. All of your background information should be presented here, so the majority of your citations should be found here. You must include 10 sources, 5 of which are primary sources. Remember: do NOT quote anything and make sure you are properly paraphrasing – otherwise, you are PLAGIARIZING. Methods In this section, you must carefully outline the procedures and techniques used in a way that a reader can replicate the experiment based on the information provided here. This section should also include models or equipment used (this should not be written like a laundry list of materials), source of chemicals (if relevant), numbers and types of organisms used, including sex and strain sample sizes, number of times experimental procedure was performed, and other pertinent factors. Keep in mind the you used the methods in the lab manual, so you should be citing the lab manual. Please note: This section must be a NARRATIVE – not bullet points or a numbered list of steps. No credit will be given for a methods section written in a bulleted format. Also, it must be past tense and in 3rd person – you should not be saying “first, I did this…..†and so on. Results In this section, you will be presenting all of the observations and findings from the experiment. It is crucial that the outcomes of your experiments are carefully organized and clearly presented, and you must do so using tables, graphs and pictures wherever necessary. Each figure should have a title or number and brief caption that explains the information being presented by the figure. All graphs and tables should be your own work! Graphs and tables should not be identical to anyone else’s in the lab, including your lab partner’s. Please note: You should NOT be interpreting the results in this section!! This section focuses on what you observed quantitatively and qualitatively throughout the collection of data. Any and all analysis belongs in the discussion section. Discussion • In the discussion section, you should begin this section with restating the purpose and hypothesis of your experiment. This section is where results are interpreted, and conclusions are drawn. The significance and interpretation of the study should be explained in this section as well. You should be referencing figures in the results sections and explaining what these figures mean. Because you restated the hypothesis before interpreting the results, you should be indicating whether or not the results support your hypothesis – keyword: SUPPORT. Remember nothing is EVER proven, so the results either support or refute your original hypotheses/predictions. In addition to explaining the results, you have to indicate the significance of your results. What does this mean? How is it relevant or important? How can this information be applied to the real world? If there were any errors made or any limitations to the experimental design, this should also be included and in context with the interpretation of the results. Please note: If you indicate any errors or limitations, you must present SOLUTIONS to these issues, in the event that this experiment will be replicated. This section should be approximately 2-3 pages long and should be the longest part of your lab report. Literature Cited This section includes the alphabetical listing of all sources cited in your paper. This will primarily include research articles but may include review articles and texts as well. The citations must be written using APA format. You need include at least 10 references, 5 of which must be primary sources. You may include your general biology textbook and lab manual (don’t forget to cite the methods). No website references or any encyclopedia references are allowed. For each source in this section, YOU MUST HAVE IN-TEXT CITATIONS! Any intext citation in the body of the report is put at the end of a sentence and should be done in APA format. General APA citation Guidelines: 1. References should be listed in alphabetical order 2. If a particular reference takes more than one line, then all lines (except the first) should be indented 3. Include ALL authors, never write “et al.,†when writing the full literature cited page 4. Remember to write “and†before the name of the last author, if the article or book has multiple authors. 5. References should not be numbered nor bulleted. 6. Everything counts including but not limited to the placement of period, italics, parentheses, etc. 7. If there are no in-text citations and no works cited section the report will be considered plagiarized. General Rules For the Lab Report: • • • • • If you are not present in lab you cannot turn-in a lab report for that lab. You will turn in your lab report in its entirety. Turning in one or more components or sections of the lab report after the due date and time will make the entire lab report late. This lab report must be your own work (no plagiarism). Content used from references needs to be cited. All text and graphs should be original and not the same as your partners. You cannot resubmit work previously done in another class (per the plagiarism policy) You will need to turn in only an electronic copy. Turnitin will be used to check for plagiarism. 10 points per day will be deducted from your lab report until your instructor has your report through Turnitin. It is your responsibility to turn your lab report on time electronically to your instructor, per their instructions.
Does the cover page have an informative title? Is all information (name, section, etc.) included? 2 Does the abstract reflect the entirety of the paper, including methods, results and limitations? Is the abstract on its own page? Is the abstract length adequate (1 paragraph, 200-250 words)? 7 Is the topic clearly introduced and well researched? Is the purpose of the experiment explained? Is there a hypothesis? Is the introduction at least 2 pages long? 20 Methods Are the procedures correct? Are all steps included? Is this section a past-tense narrative (NOT in bullet points)? 6 Results Are the observations clearly explained? Are there relevant pictures/graphs/tables included, and if so, is there a description under each? Are results analyzed in this section? (they should NOT be). 10 Are the purpose and hypothesis restated? Are the results well discussed? Are real-world applications and significance of findings included? Are limitations and sources of error evaluated, and are solutions provided for these? 25 Is paper in APA format? Is the information clear and concise? Does the paper flow and transition well, with no jumping between topics? 10 Is there proper grammar, spelling and paraphrasing? Are sentences structured properly? 8 Are in-text citations consistently and properly formatted in APA? Was each source cited at least once in the paper? 6 Are sources properly formatted in APA? Are there 10 sources, 5 of which are primary sources?
RESULT PHOTOS : I am group 4 gram –
group1 is gram + (other group result)
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