Management

PLEASE WRITE IN APA FORMAT, NEED 3 ASSIGNMENTS. PLEASE, GIVE IT IN 3 SEPARATE DOCUMENTS.

ASSIGNMENT 1,  WRITE 450 WORDS IN  APA FORMAT

Reflect on the assigned readings for the week. Identify what you thought was the most important concept(s), method(s), term(s), and/or any other thing that you felt was worthy of your understanding.

Also, provide a graduate-level response to each of the following questions:

1. It has been said that Earned Value Management (EVM) came about because the Federal Government often used “Cost-plus” contractors with project organizations.  Cost-plus contracting allows the contractor to recover full project development costs plus accumulate profit from these contracts.  Why would requiring contractor firms to employ earned value management help the government hold the line against project cost overruns?
2. Why do so many projects end up terminated as a result of termination through starvation?  Discuss the role that ego, power, and politics in this form of termination.
3. Why do “lessons learned” programs often fail to capture meaningful information that could help guide future projects?

ASSIGMENT 2

WRITE 2 PAGES IN APA FORMAT

Case 13.3 “Dear Mr. President—Please Cancel our Project!”: The Honolulu Elevated Rail Project

This case is a great current example of a very expensive project that was kicked off because of an assumed need—to relieve congestion in downtown Honolulu through an elevated urban rail system.  Critics argue that in addition to having a ballooning cost, the actual planning was poorly conceived, leaving Honolulu with an intrusive and ugly rail system through the downtown area, ruining panoramic views, and impeding traffic.  Additionally, advocates underestimated the power needs for the rail system, requiring the transport authority to renegotiate electricity fees for the system.  Finally, the original costs that were assumed for the project were calculated during an economic downturn and with the economy booming again, the costs of the project have gone up dramatically.  All of these elements points to a state Governor who is anxious to be rid of the project and hoping that President Trump will deny additional federal funding, in which case the project will likely be cancelled.

Questions

1. Why are public works projects like the Honolulu Rail project nearly impossible to stop once they have been approved, even if later cost estimates skyrocket?
2. Project Management researchers have charged that many large infrastructure projects, like this one, suffer from “delusion” and “deception” on the parts of their advocates.  Explain how “delusion” might be a cause of ballooning budgets in this project.  How does “deception” affect the final project budget overruns?

Case Study 14.1—New Jersey Kills Hudson River Tunnel Project

This case illustrates the challenges in making an early termination decision.  Often, particularly in the case of public projects, there is a real difficulty in stopping a project once it has gotten “on the books.”  As a result, projects with huge cost overruns, like Boston’s “Big Dig” are allowed to continue almost indefinitely.  New Jersey Governor Chris Christie made a tough call in deciding to cancel the Hudson River Tunnel project because he was given a number of rosy projections that did not match the actual costs incurred to that date.  This is a great case to let students pick sides: should Christie have cancelled the project or not? There are arguments to be made that the need was strong (although others could argue that the need was over-sold).  On the other hand, the history of the project to date and the uncertainty about future federal funding made it a real gamble, especially during a time of economic recession.

Questions

1. How would you respond to the argument that it is impossible to judge how successful a project like this one would have been unless you actually do it?
2. Take a position, either pro or con, on Christie’s decision to kill the ARC. Develop arguments to support your point of view.
3. In your opinion, how clearly must a large infrastructure project like ARC have determined its need, costs, and so forth before being approved?  If the criteria are too stringent, what is the implication for future projects of this type?  Would any ever be built?

ASSIGMENT 3

WRITE 2 PAGES FOR EACH ARTICLE

Internet Exercise 13.27 or 13.28 on Page 487. The questions are provided below (I updated the link for the second one):

13.27: Go to www.brighthubpm.com/monitoring-projects/51982-understanding-the-s-curve-theory-for-project-management-monitoring/ and read the article on the multiple uses of project S-curves. What does the article suggest about the use of different S-curves and analysis methods?

13.28: Go to http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.644.7422&rep=rep1&type=pdf and access the article by Q. W. Flemingand J. M. Koppelman. From your reading, summarize the 10key steps in EVM and the advantages the authors argue earned value offers for project control and evaluation.